{"id":28639,"date":"2018-10-12T06:41:19","date_gmt":"2018-10-12T11:41:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/?p=28639"},"modified":"2023-04-05T02:01:37","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T07:01:37","slug":"how-to-create-human-readable-output-with-linux-commands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-create-human-readable-output-with-linux-commands\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Create Human Readable Output with Linux Commands"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"bsf_rt_marker\"><\/div><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-28645\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/How-to-Create-Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands.jpg\" alt=\"How to Create Human Readable Output with Linux Commands\" width=\"742\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/How-to-Create-Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands.jpg 742w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/How-to-Create-Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands-150x75.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/How-to-Create-Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands-300x150.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 742px) 100vw, 742px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The command line interface is a lot more &#8220;information dense&#8221; compared to the equivalent GUIs on Windows. With a single instruction, you can get a screen full of data, with columns, calculations, and colors. Most commands have additional options that allow you to modify their output so that you get the exact information you&#8217;re looking for.<\/span><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unfortunately, this power comes with a loss of usability. Many useful commands like netstat for example, generate their output in a series of columns with no fixed width, making it hard to parse by human readability standards. Even simple commands like listing the contents of a directory can contain additional information to confuse you.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this article, I&#8217;ll show you how to do three things:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Choose to display only certain columns of output<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Retain the color options for certain commands<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Make the columns neat and tidy when the output is all scrambled<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f244ed74cab\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f244ed74cab\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-create-human-readable-output-with-linux-commands\/#1-Choosing-to-Display-on-Certain-Columns\" >1. Choosing to Display on Certain Columns<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-create-human-readable-output-with-linux-commands\/#2-Preserving-Color-Information-for-ls\" >2. Preserving Color Information for ls<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-create-human-readable-output-with-linux-commands\/#3-Showing-the-Variable-Width-Columns-in-a-Table\" >3. Showing the Variable Width Columns in a Table<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-Choosing-to-Display-on-Certain-Columns\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. Choosing to Display on Certain Columns<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A simple command like &#8220;ls&#8221; has options to display a lot more data than just the filename and directory. For example, this command:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ls -l<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The &#8220;-l&#8221; option lists a bunch of columns for each entry like the permissions, who owns it, time of creation etc as shown here:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28640\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Create-Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands.jpg\" alt=\" Create Human Readable Output with Linux Commands\" width=\"600\" height=\"272\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Create-Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Create-Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands-150x68.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Create-Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands-300x136.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Useful as this data is, it might be a bit too much. Luckily, Linux has a system of &#8220;piping&#8221; the output of commands to others and using this, we can pick and choose which columns to display using the &#8220;awk&#8221; command.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let&#8217;s say that in the screenshot here, we want to only display the last column &#8211; the one with the file or folder name. We do it like this:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ls -l | awk '{ print $9 }'<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This generates the following output:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28641\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands.jpg\" alt=\"Human Readable Output with Linux Commands\" width=\"600\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands-150x69.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands-300x137.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The key here is the part of the command that says:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">awk '{ print $9 }'<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Which displays only column number 9. We take the output from &#8220;ls -l&#8221; and &#8220;pipe&#8221; it to awk. If we want, we can display columns 1 and 9 like this:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ls -l | awk '{ print $1, $9 }'<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You might be thinking that it&#8217;s too much effort to type out all the above each and every time you want to print a couple of columns. You might not even remember it! And you&#8217;d be right. Which is why you can just <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/create-custom-commands-in-linux\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">create a custom command of your own<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to run it automatically with a keyword of your choice!<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-Preserving-Color-Information-for-ls\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. Preserving Color Information for ls<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since ls is such a common command, you&#8217;ll probably be using it with awk a lot. You might have noticed in the previous examples, that piping the output to awk destroys the color information of ls. This is unfortunate, because a lot of us rely on color coding to quickly differentiate between folders, directories, and zipped files.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With ls, we can preserve this information by using the &#8221; &#8211;color=always&#8221; option. So our awk command above becomes:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ls -l --color=always | awk '{ print $9 }'<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And this produces the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28642\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Createing-Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands.jpg\" alt=\"Createing Human Readable Output with Linux Commands\" width=\"600\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Createing-Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Createing-Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands-150x89.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Createing-Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands-300x178.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neat right?<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-Showing-the-Variable-Width-Columns-in-a-Table\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. Showing the Variable Width Columns in a Table<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The &#8220;ls&#8221; command is very obliging. Its output is neat, and each column has a specific width. But what if you have a file where the columns don&#8217;t line up nicely? For example, take this file:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cat animal-count<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28643\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/How-to-Create-Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux.jpg\" alt=\"How to Create Human Readable Output with Linux\" width=\"600\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/How-to-Create-Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/How-to-Create-Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux-150x63.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/How-to-Create-Human-Readable-Output-with-Linux-300x127.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since each animal name has a different width, the next column starts at a different place each time. In a long list, the output can become unreadable. Commands like netstat are impossible to decipher.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As before, we have a command called &#8220;column&#8221; into which we can pipe the output to make it display the data in a table. Here it is:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cat animal-count | column -t<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The &#8220;-t&#8221; parameter specifies a table.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>We get the following output:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28644\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands.jpg\" alt=\" Readable Output with Linux Commands\" width=\"600\" height=\"263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands-150x66.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Readable-Output-with-Linux-Commands-300x132.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> That&#8217;s much easier to read. We use &#8220;column&#8221; frequently while parsing the output of commands with a lot of data and variable width columns. It&#8217;s particularly useful for log files &#8211; sometimes containing thousands of lines of code.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We hope these tips and tricks make your Linux admin tasks a little easier with human readable output! If you use one of our managed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\">Linux hosting plans<\/a>, you can always as our system administrator to help you any aspect of managing your Linux server. They are available 24\/7 and will take care of your request immediately.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you liked this post please share it with your friends via social media networks, or if you have any question regarding this blog post, please feel free to leave a comment below and one of our system administrators will reply as soon as possible. Thanks!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The command line interface is a lot more &#8220;information dense&#8221; compared to the equivalent GUIs on Windows. With a single &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"How to Create Human Readable Output with Linux Commands\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-create-human-readable-output-with-linux-commands\/#more-28639\" aria-label=\"Read more about How to Create Human Readable Output with Linux Commands\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":28645,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2071,13],"tags":[1758,1757],"class_list":["post-28639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux","category-tutorials","tag-human-readable","tag-linux-command","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - 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