{"id":3553,"date":"2014-05-02T16:14:03","date_gmt":"2014-05-02T21:14:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/secure.rosehosting.com\/blog\/?p=3553"},"modified":"2022-06-03T03:46:59","modified_gmt":"2022-06-03T08:46:59","slug":"how-to-setup-mail-server-with-virtual-domains-using-postfix-dovecot-and-opendkim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-setup-mail-server-with-virtual-domains-using-postfix-dovecot-and-opendkim\/","title":{"rendered":"How to setup a mail server with virtual domains using Postfix, Dovecot and OpenDKIM"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"bsf_rt_marker\"><\/div><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-3556\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/mail.png\" alt=\"mail\" width=\"97\" height=\"97\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/mail.png 512w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/mail-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/mail-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 97px) 100vw, 97px\" \/><br \/>\nIn this article we will walk you through the installation and configuration of a mail server with virtual domains and users using Postfix, Dovecot and OpenDKIM on an <a title=\"Ubuntu VPS Hosting\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/ubuntu-hosting.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ubuntu VPS<\/a>. By using virtual domains and users, you can set up unlimited email accounts without creating system users. This should work on other <a title=\"Linux VPS Hosting\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/managed-vps-hosting.html\">Linux VPS<\/a> systems as well but was tested and written for Ubuntu.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h4>Set the Hostname &amp; FQDN<\/h4>\n<p>To check the existing FQDN, run the following command<\/p>\n<pre>hostname -f<\/pre>\n<p>which should display something like localhost or host.domain.com If you see localhost, proceed with the following steps:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Add your FQDN to the \/etc\/hosts file<\/li>\n<li>Add your FQDN to the \/etc\/hostname file and run<br \/>\n<code>service hostname start<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Install all the\u00a0necessary packages<\/h4>\n<pre>debconf-set-selections &lt;&lt;&lt; \"postfix postfix\/mailname string $(hostname -f)\"\r\ndebconf-set-selections &lt;&lt;&lt; \"postfix postfix\/main_mailer_type string 'Internet Site'\"\r\napt-get update\r\napt-get install -y procmail postfix dovecot-core dovecot-pop3d dovecot-imapd opendkim opendkim-tools<\/pre>\n<h4>Create a Virtual Email user<\/h4>\n<pre>groupadd -g 5000 vmail\r\nuseradd -u 5000 -g vmail -s \/sbin\/nologin -d \/home\/vmail -m vmail\r\nusermod -aG vmail postfix\r\nusermod -aG vmail dovecot\r\n\r\nDOMAIN=\"yourDomain.com\"\r\nmkdir -p \/var\/mail\/vhosts\/${DOMAIN}\r\nchown -R vmail:vmail \/var\/mail\/vhosts\r\nchmod -R 775 \/var\/mail\/vhosts\r\n<\/pre>\n<h4>Generate SSL Certificate<\/h4>\n<pre>SSL_DIR=\"\/etc\/dovecot\/ssl\"\r\n\r\n# Certificate details; replace items in angle brackets with your own info\r\nSUBJ=\"\r\nC=US\r\nST=New York\r\nO=${DOMAIN}\r\nlocalityName=NYC\r\ncommonName=${DOMAIN}\r\norganizationalUnitName=IT\r\nemailAddress=admin@${DOMAIN}\r\n\"\r\n# Empty passphrase\r\nPASSPHRASE=\"\"\r\n\r\n# Makedir for certs\r\nmkdir -p ${SSL_DIR}\r\n\r\n# Generate the server private key\r\nopenssl genrsa -out \"${SSL_DIR}\/${DOMAIN}.key\" 2048\r\n\r\n# Generate the CSR\r\nopenssl req \\\r\n-new \\\r\n-batch \\\r\n-subj \"$(echo -n \"$SUBJ\" | tr \"\\n\" \"\/\")\" \\\r\n-key \"${SSL_DIR}\/${DOMAIN}.key\" \\\r\n-out \"${SSL_DIR}\/${DOMAIN}.csr\" \\\r\n-passin env:PASSPHRASE\r\n\r\n# Generate the cert (good for 10 years)\r\nopenssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in \"${SSL_DIR}\/${DOMAIN}.csr\" -signkey \"${SSL_DIR}\/${DOMAIN}.key\" -out \"${SSL_DIR}\/${DOMAIN}.crt\"\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n<h4>Configure OpenDKIM<\/h4>\n<pre>OPENDKIM_DIR=\"\/etc\/opendkim\/keys\/\"\r\n\r\n# MY_IP\r\nMY_IP=$(ip route get 8.8.8.8 | awk '\/8.8.8.8\/ {print $NF}')\r\n\r\nmkdir -p ${OPENDKIM_DIR}\/${DOMAIN}\r\nopendkim-genkey -r -s default -d ${DOMAIN} -D ${OPENDKIM_DIR}\/${DOMAIN}\r\n\r\ncat &gt; \/etc\/opendkim.conf &lt;&lt;EOF\r\nAutoRestart\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yes\r\nUMask\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 002\r\nSyslog\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 yes\r\nAutoRestartRate\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 10\/1h\r\nCanonicalization\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 relaxed\/simple\r\nExternalIgnoreList\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 refile:\/etc\/opendkim\/TrustedHosts\r\nInternalHosts\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 refile:\/etc\/opendkim\/TrustedHosts\r\nKeyTable\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 refile:\/etc\/opendkim\/KeyTable\r\nLogWhy\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yes\r\nMode\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 sv\r\nPidFile\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/var\/run\/opendkim\/opendkim.pid\r\nSignatureAlgorithm\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 rsa-sha256\r\nSigningTable\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 refile:\/etc\/opendkim\/SigningTable\r\nSocket\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 inet:8891@localhost\r\nSyslogSuccess\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yes\r\nTemporaryDirectory\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/var\/tmp\r\nUserID\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 opendkim:opendkim\r\nEOF\r\n\r\ncat &gt; \/etc\/opendkim\/TrustedHosts &lt;&lt;EOF\r\n127.0.0.1\r\nlocalhost\r\n${DOMAIN}\r\n${MY_IP}\r\nEOF\r\n\r\ncat &gt; \/etc\/opendkim\/SigningTable &lt;&lt;EOF\r\n*@${DOMAIN} default._domainkey.${DOMAIN}\r\nEOF\r\n\r\ncat &gt; \/etc\/opendkim\/KeyTable &lt;&lt;EOF\r\ndefault._domainkey.${DOMAIN} ${DOMAIN}:default:\/etc\/opendkim\/keys\/${DOMAIN}\/default.private\r\nEOF\r\n\r\nchown -R opendkim: \/etc\/opendkim<\/pre>\n<h4>Configure Postfix<\/h4>\n<pre># Configure postfix main.cf\r\npostconf -e \"smtpd_banner = \\$myhostname ESMTP\"\r\npostconf -e \"mydomain = ${DOMAIN}\"\r\npostconf -e \"myorigin = \\$mydomain\"\r\npostconf -e \"mydestination = localhost, localhost.localdomain, $(hostname -f)\"\r\npostconf -e \"virtual_mailbox_domains = \/etc\/postfix\/virtual_domains\"\r\npostconf -e \"virtual_mailbox_base = \/var\/mail\/vhosts\"\r\npostconf -e \"virtual_mailbox_maps = hash:\/etc\/postfix\/vmailbox\"\r\npostconf -e \"virtual_alias_maps = hash:\/etc\/postfix\/virtual_alias\"\r\npostconf -e \"virtual_minimum_uid = 100\"\r\npostconf -e \"virtual_uid_maps = static:5000\"\r\npostconf -e \"virtual_gid_maps = static:5000\"\r\npostconf -e \"virtual_transport = virtual\"\r\npostconf -e \"dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1\"\r\npostconf -e \"smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes\"\r\npostconf -e \"smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot\"\r\npostconf -e \"smtpd_sasl_path = private\/auth\"\r\npostconf -e \"smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous\"\r\npostconf -e \"smtpd_sasl_local_domain = \\$mydomain\"\r\npostconf -e \"broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes\"\r\npostconf -e \"smtpd_tls_security_level = may\"\r\npostconf -e \"smtpd_tls_auth_only = no\"\r\npostconf -e \"smtpd_tls_cert_file=${SSL_DIR}\/${DOMAIN}.crt\"\r\npostconf -e \"smtpd_tls_key_file=${SSL_DIR}\/${DOMAIN}.key\"\r\npostconf -e \"smtpd_tls_received_header = yes\"\r\npostconf -e \"tls_random_source = dev:\/dev\/urandom\"\r\npostconf -e \"smtpd_tls_security_level = may\"\r\npostconf -e \"smtp_tls_security_level = may\"\r\npostconf -e \"smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_invalid_hostname, reject_unknown_client, reject_rbl_client sbl-xbl.spamhaus.org\"\r\npostconf -e \"smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_unknown_address, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_non_fqdn_sender\"\r\npostconf -e \"smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination\"\r\npostconf -e \"smtpd_recipient_limit = 250\"\r\npostconf -e \"milter_default_action = accept\"\r\npostconf -e \"milter_protocol = 6\"\r\npostconf -e \"smtpd_milters =  inet:127.0.0.1:8891\"\r\npostconf -e \"non_smtpd_milters =  inet:127.0.0.1:8891\"\r\n\r\n# Configure postfix master.cf\r\nsed -i '\/^#smtpd.*\/ s\/^#\/\/' \/etc\/postfix\/master.cf\r\n\r\nvi \/etc\/postfix\/master.cf\r\n# Add the following lines at the end:\r\ndovecot\u00a0\u00a0 unix\u00a0 -\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pipe\r\n\u00a0 flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=\/usr\/lib\/dovecot\/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${recipient}\r\n\r\n\r\ncat &gt; \/etc\/postfix\/virtual_alias &lt;&lt;EOF\r\n# Example\r\n# @${DOMAIN}\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 admin@${DOMAIN}\r\nEOF\r\npostmap \/etc\/postfix\/virtual_alias\r\n\r\ncat &gt; \/etc\/postfix\/virtual_domains &lt;&lt;EOF\r\n${DOMAIN} OK\r\nEOF\r\npostmap \/etc\/postfix\/virtual_domains\r\n\r\ntouch \/etc\/postfix\/vmailbox\r\npostmap \/etc\/postfix\/vmailbox<\/pre>\n<h4>Configure Dovecot<\/h4>\n<pre>cat &gt; \/etc\/dovecot\/dovecot.conf &lt;&lt;EOF\r\nauth_mechanisms = plain login\r\ndisable_plaintext_auth = no\r\nlog_path = \/var\/log\/dovecot\r\nmail_location = maildir:\/var\/mail\/vhosts\/%d\/%n\r\npassdb {\r\n\u00a0 args = \/var\/mail\/vhosts\/%d\/shadow\r\n\u00a0 driver = passwd-file\r\n}\r\nprotocols = imap pop3\r\nservice auth {\r\n\u00a0 unix_listener \/var\/spool\/postfix\/private\/auth {\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 group = vmail\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 mode = 0660\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 user = postfix\r\n\u00a0 }\r\n\u00a0 unix_listener auth-master {\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 group = vmail\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 mode = 0600\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 user = vmail\r\n\u00a0 }\r\n}\r\nssl_cert = &lt;${SSL_DIR}\/${DOMAIN}.crt\r\nssl_key = &lt;${SSL_DIR}\/${DOMAIN}.key\r\nuserdb {\r\n\u00a0 args = \/var\/mail\/vhosts\/%d\/passwd\r\n\u00a0 driver = passwd-file\r\n}\r\nprotocol lda {\r\n\u00a0 auth_socket_path = \/var\/run\/dovecot\/auth-master\r\n\u00a0 hostname = $(hostname -f)\r\n\u00a0 mail_plugin_dir = \/usr\/lib\/dovecot\/modules\r\n\u00a0 mail_plugins = sieve\r\n\u00a0 postmaster_address = postmaster@${DOMAIN}\r\n}\r\nEOF\r\n\r\ntouch \/var\/log\/dovecot\r\nchgrp vmail \/var\/log\/dovecot\r\nchmod 660 \/var\/log\/dovecot<\/pre>\n<h4>Restart all services<\/h4>\n<pre>service dovecot restart\r\nservice postfix restart\r\nservice opendkim restart<\/pre>\n<p>That&#8217;s it! If you followed all steps correctly, your email server should be fully functional.<\/p>\n<h4>Adding new email accounts<\/h4>\n<p>You can use the following script to add a new email account.\u00a0 Save the script as &#8216;add_new_account&#8217;, use chmod to make it executable and then run it passing <span class=\"st\">two parameters:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre>.\/add_new_account &lt;email@account&gt; &lt;password&gt;<\/pre>\n<pre>#!\/bin\/bash\r\n# sudo .\/add_new_account &lt;email@account&gt; &lt;password&gt;\r\n\r\n# Functions\r\nok() { echo -e '\\e[32m'${1}'\\e[m'; } # Green\r\ndie() { echo -e '\\e[1;31m'${1}'\\e[m'; exit 1; } # Red\r\n\r\n# Sanity check\r\n[ $(id -g) != \"0\" ] &amp;&amp; die \"Script must be run as root.\"\r\n[ $# != \"2\" ] &amp;&amp; die \"Usage: $(basename $0) email@account password\"\r\n[ ! -f \/usr\/sbin\/postfix ] &amp;&amp; die \"Postfix is not installed\"\r\n[ ! -f \/usr\/bin\/doveadm ] &amp;&amp; die \"Dovecot is not installed\"\r\n\r\n# Variables\r\nVMAIL=vmail\r\nVMAIL_UID=5000\r\nVMAIL_GUID=5000\r\nADDRESS=${1}\r\nPASSWD=${2}\r\nUSERNAME=${ADDRESS%@*}\r\nDOMAIN=${ADDRESS##*@}\r\n\r\n# Get the Mailbox Base Directory\r\nBASEDIR=$(postconf virtual_mailbox_base)\r\nBASEDIR=${BASEDIR#*= }\r\n\r\n# Get the Mailbox Maps File\r\nMAPSFILE=$(postconf virtual_mailbox_maps)\r\nMAPSFILE=${MAPSFILE#*:}\r\n\r\n# Check if account exist\r\nif grep -wq \"^${ADDRESS}\" ${MAPSFILE}\r\nthen\r\n\u00a0 die \"The mail address ${ADDRESS} already exist\"\r\nfi\r\n\r\nif [[ ( -f ${MAPSFILE} &amp;&amp; -d ${BASEDIR} ) ]]; then\r\n\r\n\u00a0 echo \"$ADDRESS $DOMAIN\/$USERNAME\/\" &gt;&gt; ${MAPSFILE}\r\n\u00a0 postmap ${MAPSFILE}\r\n\u00a0 if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 echo ${ADDRESS}::${VMAIL_UID}:${VMAIL_GUID}::${BASEDIR}\/${DOMAIN}\/${ADDRESS} &gt;&gt; ${BASEDIR}\/${DOMAIN}\/passwd\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 echo ${ADDRESS}\":\"$(doveadm pw -p $PASSWD) &gt;&gt; ${BASEDIR}\/${DOMAIN}\/shadow\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 chown ${VMAIL}: $BASEDIR\/${DOMAIN}\/{passwd,shadow}\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 chmod 775 ${BASEDIR}\/${DOMAIN}\/{passwd,shadow}\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 service postfix reload\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ok \"The email account has been addedd\"\r\n\u00a0 fi\r\nelse\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 die \"Mailbox maps file or mailbox base directory doesn't exist\"\r\nfi\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Of course you don\u2019t have to do any of this if you use one of our <a title=\"Linux VPS Hosting\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/managed-vps-hosting.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Linux VPS Hosting<\/a> services, in which case you can simply ask our expert Linux admins to setup this for you. They are available 24&#215;7 and will take care of your request immediately.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">PS<\/span>.<\/strong> If you liked this post please share it with your friends on the social networks using the buttons on the left or simply leave a reply below. Thanks.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this article we will walk you through the installation and configuration of a mail server with virtual domains and &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"How to setup a mail server with virtual domains using Postfix, Dovecot and OpenDKIM\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-setup-mail-server-with-virtual-domains-using-postfix-dovecot-and-opendkim\/#more-3553\" aria-label=\"Read more about How to setup a mail server with virtual domains using Postfix, Dovecot and OpenDKIM\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3556,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1706,5,13],"tags":[71,125,220,59,448,212],"class_list":["post-3553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-email-servers","category-scripts","category-tutorials","tag-dovecot","tag-opendkim","tag-postfix","tag-ubuntu","tag-virtual-email","tag-virtual-users","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.5 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to setup a mail server with virtual domains using Postfix, Dovecot and OpenDKIM | RoseHosting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to setup a mail server with virtual domains using Postfix, Dovecot and OpenDKIM | 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