{"id":42879,"date":"2022-10-31T12:30:46","date_gmt":"2022-10-31T17:30:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/?p=42879"},"modified":"2022-12-28T05:05:30","modified_gmt":"2022-12-28T11:05:30","slug":"using-top-du-and-netstat-as-tools-to-monitor-server-resources","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/using-top-du-and-netstat-as-tools-to-monitor-server-resources\/","title":{"rendered":"Using Top, Du, and Netstat as Tools to Monitor Server Resources"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"bsf_rt_marker\"><\/div><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-43142\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/using-top-du-and-netstat-to-monitor-server-resources.webp\" alt=\"using top du and netstat to monitor server resources\" width=\"742\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/using-top-du-and-netstat-to-monitor-server-resources.webp 742w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/using-top-du-and-netstat-to-monitor-server-resources-300x150.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/using-top-du-and-netstat-to-monitor-server-resources-150x75.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 742px) 100vw, 742px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In this tutorial, we will explain the usage of the top, du, and netstat as tools to monitor server resources.<\/p>\n<p>The du is a shortcut of disk usage, the top is used for showing the running processes, and netstat is for printing network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, etc. We will explain these commands with real examples, and we will use <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/ubuntu-hosting\/\">Ubuntu<\/a> 20.04 as OS in this tutorial, but you can choose any Linux distro per your choice. Let&#8217;s get started!<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f60c189f76f\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f60c189f76f\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/using-top-du-and-netstat-as-tools-to-monitor-server-resources\/#Prerequisites\" >Prerequisites<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/using-top-du-and-netstat-as-tools-to-monitor-server-resources\/#Update-the-System\" >Update the System<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/using-top-du-and-netstat-as-tools-to-monitor-server-resources\/#Top-command\" >Top command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/using-top-du-and-netstat-as-tools-to-monitor-server-resources\/#Du-command\" >Du command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/using-top-du-and-netstat-as-tools-to-monitor-server-resources\/#Netstat-command\" >Netstat command<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prerequisites\"><\/span>Prerequisites<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>A server with Ubuntu 20.04 OS<\/li>\n<li>User privileges: root or non-root user with sudo privileges<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Update-the-System\"><\/span>Update the System<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After a fresh installation of Ubuntu 20.04, it is recommended for the packages be updated to the latest versions available.<\/p>\n<pre>sudo apt update -y &amp;&amp; sudo apt upgrade -y<\/pre>\n<p>Once the system is updated, we are ready to show you the top, du, and netstat commands with real examples in Linux.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Top-command\"><\/span>Top command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The <b>top<\/b> command in Linux is for displaying the processes. It can be executed with or without options per our needs. Let&#8217;s execute the <b>top<\/b> command without options:<\/p>\n<pre>top - 11:24:59 up 7 days, 11:27,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00\r\nTasks: 109 total,   1 running, 108 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie\r\n%Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  0.1 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.7 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.2 si,  0.0 st\r\nMiB Mem :   3931.4 total,   2473.6 free,    139.8 used,   1318.0 buff\/cache\r\nMiB Swap:   1024.0 total,   1024.0 free,      0.0 used.   3475.6 avail Mem\r\n\r\n    PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND\r\n     10 root      20   0       0      0      0 I   0.3   0.0  19:20.53 rcu_sched\r\n     11 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.3   0.0   0:04.84 migration\/0\r\n      1 root      20   0  169784  11300   8340 S   0.0   0.3   0:48.82 systemd\r\n      2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.26 kthreadd\r\n      3 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 rcu_gp\r\n      4 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 rcu_par_gp\r\n      6 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kworker\/0:0H-kblockd\r\n      8 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 mm_percpu_wq\r\n      9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.43 ksoftirqd\/0\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>As you can see, there is information about the uptime of the system, system load, percent usage of CPU cores, available memory, and the processes with all this information. In this scenario, only one process is active, and 108 are sleeping. That means that this process is using some CPU and RAM resources, and the other 108 are using nothing.<\/p>\n<p>The top command can be executed with options such as <b>-i<\/b> for idle processes, <b>-H<\/b> for information about threads, <b>-n<\/b> number of iterations, and many more that can be seen with detailed explanation by executing the<b> man top<\/b> command.<\/p>\n<pre>TOP(1)                                                                     User Commands                                                                     TOP(1)\r\n\r\nNAME\r\n       top - display Linux processes\r\n\r\nSYNOPSIS\r\n       top -hv|-bcEHiOSs1 -d secs -n max -u|U user -p pid -o fld -w [cols]\r\n\r\n       The traditional switches `-' and whitespace are optional.\r\n\r\nDESCRIPTION\r\n       The  top program provides a dynamic real-time view of a running system.  It can display system summary information as well as a list of processes or threads\r\n       currently being managed by the Linux kernel.  The types of system summary information shown and the types, order and size of information displayed for  pro\u2010\r\n       cesses are all user configurable and that configuration can be made persistent across restarts.\r\n\r\n       The program provides a limited interactive interface for process manipulation as well as a much more extensive interface for personal configuration  --  en\u2010\r\n       compassing every aspect of its operation.  And while top is referred to throughout this document, you are free to name the program anything you wish.   That\r\n       new name, possibly an alias, will then be reflected on top's display and used when reading and writing a configuration file.\r\n<\/pre>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Du-command\"><\/span>Du command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The du command is used for disk usage of files and directories. It is very often used by the system administrator when disk usage needs to be checked. The same as the top command <b>du<\/b> command can be executed with or without arguments.<\/p>\n<p>If we execute the <b>du<\/b> command in the root directory without arguments, we will get output like this:<\/p>\n<pre>root@host:~# du\r\n4       .\/.local\/share\/nano\r\n8       .\/.local\/share\r\n12      .\/.local\r\n4       .\/.cache\r\n4       .\/.config\/procps\r\n8       .\/.config\r\n8       .\/.ssh\r\n56      .\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>As you can see, there is nothing explained, and there is no info about the size, whether it is in kilobytes, megabytes, or something else. Let&#8217;s execute the du command with some options in the <b>\/<\/b> directory on your server:<\/p>\n<pre>cd \/\r\n\r\ndu -bsh *<\/pre>\n<p>You should receive output like this:<\/p>\n<pre>7       bin\r\n301M    boot\r\n12K     dev\r\n3.0M    etc\r\n4.0K    home\r\n7       lib\r\n9       lib32\r\n9       lib64\r\n10      libx32\r\n16K     lost+found\r\n4.0K    media\r\n4.0K    mnt\r\n4.0K    opt\r\n128T    proc\r\n38K     root\r\n40M     run\r\n8       sbin\r\n4.6K    snap\r\n4.0K    srv\r\n258M    sys\r\n56K     tmp\r\n2.4G    usr\r\n710M    var\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>The output is clear, and the directories and file sizes are displayed on the left.<\/p>\n<p>The command <b>du -bsh *<\/b> means that we need the file space usage of all (<b>*<\/b>) directory and files in the current directory in bytes (<b>-b<\/b>), summarized (<b>-s<\/b>) in human-readable format (<b>-h<\/b>)<\/p>\n<p>More about the <b>du<\/b> command can be viewed with the command <b>man du<\/b> executed on your command line.<\/p>\n<pre>root@host:~# man du\r\n\r\n       -d, --max-depth=N\r\n              print the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only if it is N or fewer levels below the command line argument;  --max-depth=0 is the same  as\r\n              --summarize\r\n\r\n       --files0-from=F\r\n              summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file names specified in file F; if F is -, then read names from standard input\r\n\r\n       -H     equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)\r\n\r\n       -h, --human-readable\r\n              print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)\r\n\r\n       --inodes\r\n              list inode usage information instead of block usage\r\n\r\n       -k     like --block-size=1K\r\n\r\n       -L, --dereference\r\n              dereference all symbolic links\r\n<\/pre>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Netstat-command\"><\/span>Netstat command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The netstat command is used for printing network connections, routing tables and etc. As with previous commands, the netstat command can be executed with or without options.<\/p>\n<pre>netstat<\/pre>\n<p>Executing the command netstat will give you similar output like this:<\/p>\n<pre>root@host:~# netstat\r\nActive Internet connections (w\/o servers)\r\nProto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State\r\ntcp        0    240 24625403.test:7022 ctel-78-157-7-19.:55913 ESTABLISHED\r\nActive UNIX domain sockets (w\/o servers)\r\nProto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node   Path\r\nunix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    16576    \/run\/systemd\/journal\/syslog\r\nunix  10     [ ]         DGRAM                    16586    \/run\/systemd\/journal\/dev-log\r\nunix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    24702    \/run\/user\/0\/systemd\/notify\r\nunix  7      [ ]         DGRAM                    16590    \/run\/systemd\/journal\/socket\r\nunix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    15146    \/run\/systemd\/notify\r\nunix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     20481\r\nunix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     20501    \/run\/dbus\/system_bus_socket\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Let&#8217;s execute the netstat command with some parameters, which will be explained later:<\/p>\n<pre>netstat -tunlp<\/pre>\n<p>You will receive output similar like this if you have installed MySQL, Dovecot, Netdata and similar applications.<\/p>\n<pre>root@host:~# netstat -tunlp\r\nActive Internet connections (only servers)\r\nProto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID\/Program name\r\ntcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:8125          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      88780\/netdata\r\ntcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:19999         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      88780\/netdata\r\ntcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:993             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      88311\/dovecot\r\ntcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:995             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      88311\/dovecot\r\ntcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:3306          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      83830\/mysqld\r\ntcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:110             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      88311\/dovecot\r\ntcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:7022            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      657\/sshd: \/usr\/sbin\r\ntcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:143             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      88311\/dovecot\r\ntcp6       0      0 ::1:8125                :::*                    LISTEN      88780\/netdata\r\ntcp6       0      0 :::993                  :::*                    LISTEN      88311\/dovecot\r\ntcp6       0      0 :::995                  :::*                    LISTEN      88311\/dovecot\r\ntcp6       0      0 :::110                  :::*                    LISTEN      88311\/dovecot\r\ntcp6       0      0 :::7022                 :::*                    LISTEN      657\/sshd: \/usr\/sbin\r\ntcp6       0      0 :::143                  :::*                    LISTEN      88311\/dovecot\r\ntcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      649\/apache2\r\nudp        0      0 127.0.0.1:8125          0.0.0.0:*                           88780\/netdata\r\nudp6       0      0 ::1:8125                :::*                                88780\/netdata\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Now, the output is more clear with protocols, addresses, states, and ports. Now let&#8217;s explain the parameters:<\/p>\n<pre><b>-t<\/b> - is for tcp\r\n\r\n<b>-u<\/b> - is for udp\r\n\r\n<b>-n<\/b> - is for numeric\r\n\r\n<b>-l<\/b> - is for listening sockets\r\n\r\n<b>-p<\/b> - is for the process id and the name of the running program\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>More about the <b>netstat<\/b> command can be viewed with the command <b>man netstat<\/b> executed on your command line.<\/p>\n<pre>NETSTAT(8)                                                      Linux System Administrator's Manual                                                      NETSTAT(8)\r\n\r\nNAME\r\n       netstat - Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships\r\n\r\nSYNOPSIS\r\n       netstat  [address_family_options]  [--tcp|-t] [--udp|-u] [--udplite|-U] [--sctp|-S] [--raw|-w] [--l2cap|-2] [--rfcomm|-f] [--listening|-l] [--all|-a] [--nu\u2010\r\n       meric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--numeric-ports]  [--numeric-users]  [--symbolic|-N]  [--extend|-e[--extend|-e]]  [--timers|-o]  [--program|-p]  [--verbose|-v]\r\n       [--continuous|-c] [--wide|-W]\r\n\r\n       netstat {--route|-r} [address_family_options] [--extend|-e[--extend|-e]] [--verbose|-v] [--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--numeric-ports] [--numeric-users]\r\n       [--continuous|-c]\r\n\r\n       netstat {--interfaces|-i} [--all|-a] [--extend|-e[--extend|-e]] [--verbose|-v] [--program|-p] [--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--numeric-ports] [--numeric-\r\n       users] [--continuous|-c]\r\n\r\n       netstat {--groups|-g} [--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--numeric-ports] [--numeric-users] [--continuous|-c]\r\n\r\n       netstat {--masquerade|-M} [--extend|-e] [--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--numeric-ports] [--numeric-users] [--continuous|-c]\r\n\r\n       netstat {--statistics|-s} [--tcp|-t] [--udp|-u] [--udplite|-U] [--sctp|-S] [--raw|-w]\r\n\r\n       netstat {--version|-V}\r\n\r\n       netstat {--help|-h}\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>That&#8217;s it. We gave you some instructions on how to use these tools to monitor your server resources. If you have difficulties using these commands du, netstat, and top, feel free to contact our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/support\/\">technical support<\/a>. We are available 24\/7<\/p>\n<p>If you liked this about using top, du, and netstat as tools to monitor server resources, please share it with your friends on social networks or simply leave a reply below.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this tutorial, we will explain the usage of the top, du, and netstat as tools to monitor server resources. &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Using Top, Du, and Netstat as Tools to Monitor Server Resources\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/using-top-du-and-netstat-as-tools-to-monitor-server-resources\/#more-42879\" aria-label=\"Read more about Using Top, Du, and Netstat as Tools to Monitor Server Resources\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":43142,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,1707],"tags":[2032,2033,2031,1542],"class_list":["post-42879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tutorials","category-web-servers","tag-du","tag-netstat","tag-server-resources","tag-top","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.5 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Using Top, Du, and Netstat as Tools to Monitor Server Resources | RoseHosting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Find out more about the usage of the top, du, and netstat as tools to monitor server resources, with Ubuntu as OS. 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