{"id":49074,"date":"2024-10-07T12:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-07T17:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/?p=49074"},"modified":"2024-10-01T06:37:07","modified_gmt":"2024-10-01T11:37:07","slug":"linux-commands-cheat-sheet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux Commands Cheat Sheet: Your Complete Reference"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"bsf_rt_marker\"><\/div>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-your-complete-reference.webp\" alt=\"Linux Commands Cheat Sheet\" class=\"wp-image-49402\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-your-complete-reference.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-your-complete-reference-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-your-complete-reference-150x84.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet-your-complete-reference-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Linux command line interface offers complete control over your Linux system. Although many Linux commands may seem scary or confusing initially, learning the most basic yet powerful and useful commands can make your server management significantly more manageable. This cheat sheet is designed to simplify your journey through Linux, providing a comprehensive reference to the most essential commands. Whether managing files, monitoring system performance, or configuring network settings, having these commands at your fingertips will enhance efficiency and productivity. We&#8217;ll share some of the most commonly used and valuable tips in our Linux commands cheat sheet. To begin with, we&#8217;ll break them down into easy-to-navigate sections. Let&#8217;s get into it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f565644ccf8\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f565644ccf8\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet\/#1-Navigating-the-file-system\" >1. Navigating the file system<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet\/#2-Managing-Linux-users-and-permissions\" >2. Managing Linux users and permissions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet\/#3-Processes\" >3. Processes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet\/#4-Disk-Usage\" >4. Disk Usage<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet\/#5-Networking\" >5. Networking<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet\/#6-File-transfer-and-compression\" >6. File transfer and compression<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-Navigating-the-file-system\"><\/span>1. Navigating the file system<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>pwd<\/strong>  \u2013<em> <\/em>short for Print Working Directory, shows that current directory path you are currently in<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>cd \/some\/directory\/path<\/strong> \u2013 change directory<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>ls<\/strong> \u2013 lists files and directories<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>ls -al <\/strong>\u2013 lists all files and directories in detailed format, including the hidden files or directories.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>mkdir <\/strong>\u2013 create a new directory<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>touch filename<\/strong> \u2013 creates a new empty file<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>mv file \/newpath\/file<\/strong> \u2013 move file or directory to a new path<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>mv directory1 newdirectory <\/strong>\u2013 rename file or directory<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>rm somefile<\/strong> \u2013 remove file<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>rm -r newdir <\/strong>\u2013 remove directory and everything inside the directory recursively<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>cat filename<\/strong> \u2013 display the content of the file<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>grep file<\/strong> \u2013 search for pattern in the text file<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>w \u2013 <\/strong>show which users are online<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>adduser <\/strong>\u2013 create a new user account<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-Managing-Linux-users-and-permissions\"><\/span>2. Managing Linux users and permissions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>userdel -<\/strong> delete a user account<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>usermod -aG - <\/strong>add a user to a group<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>groupadd <\/strong>\u2013 create a new group<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>passwd <\/strong>\u2013 change currents user password<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>passwd username<\/strong> - change the password for a specific user<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>chown username:username file \u2013 <\/strong>change the user and group ownership of the file<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>chown -R username:username file \u2013 <\/strong>change the user and group of the directory and every file and directory inside that directory recursively<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>chmod 755 file<\/strong> \u2013 set read, write and execute file permissions to file owner and set read and execute permissions for the group and others.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>chmod -R 751 directory<\/strong> \u2013 set read, write and execute file permissions for the owner, read and execute for the group and only execute for everyone.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-Processes\"><\/span>3. Processes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>ps aux<\/strong> \u2013 shows all active processes in user-friendly format with detailed information such as CPU and memory usage, PID<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>top <\/strong>\u2013 display and manage all processes in real time<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>htop <\/strong>\u2013 same as the top command with more features for managing the processes<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>kill PID<\/strong> - kills the process by specifying the ID of the process<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>lsof -p PID<\/strong> \u2013 list all files opened by the process with specified PID<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-Disk-Usage\"><\/span>4. Disk Usage<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>df -h<\/strong> \u2013 show free and used space on all mounted filesystems<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>df -i <\/strong>\u2013 shows the number of free and used inodes on all mounted filesystems<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>du -chx<\/strong> \u2013 shows the size of the current directory.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>fdisk -l <\/strong>\u2013 displays all partitions on the system<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-Networking\"><\/span>5. Networking<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>ip a<\/strong> \u2013 list IP addresses assigned to every interface<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>ifconfig <\/strong>\u2013 displays detailed information for each network interface<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>tcpdump -i any<\/strong> \u2013 capture network traffic on all network interfaces until stopped<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>iftop <\/strong>\u2013 real-time network bandwidth monitoring tool<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>nmap -p 1-2000 HOST<\/strong> - scan for open ports from 1 to 2000th port on the specified host<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6-File-transfer-and-compression\"><\/span>6. File transfer and compression<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>rsync -av \/path\/to\/source\/file.txt \/path\/to\/destination\/ <\/strong>- copy file from location to another<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>rsync -av -e ssh \/path\/to\/source\/dir\/ user@remote_host:\/path\/to\/destination\/<\/strong> - copy file to a remote location\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>rsync -avz \/path\/to\/source\/dir\/ \/path\/to\/destination\/dir\/<\/strong> - compress data during transfer<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>tar -cvf archive.tar file1.txt dir1<\/strong> \u2013 create an archive from the file1.txt and directory dir1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>tar -czvf archive_name.tar.gz file1.txt dir1 directory_name<\/strong> \u2013 create a compresed archive from the file1.txt and directory dir1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>tar -cvf archive.tar file1.txt dir1<\/strong> \u2013 create an archive from the file1.txt and directory dir1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>tar -czvf archive_name.tar.gz file1.txt dir1 directory_name<\/strong> \u2013 create a compresed archive from the file1.txt and directory dir1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>tar -xvf archive.tar<\/strong> \u2013 extract archive.tar<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>tar -xzvf archive_name.tar.gz<\/strong> \u2013 extract compressed archive archive_name.tar.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>These are the most commonly used Linux commands to help you manage your users and permissions and navigate through directories. Also, you can now check the disk usage and network interfaces and display and manage processes on your system. If you have an interesting Linux command that you frequently use and you want to share it with us, please write it in the comments below. Thanks for following up, and we hope you helped you learn more and made your life easier while managing your Linux systems. If you&#8217;re still uncomfortable with Linux operations or want a more practiced hand in fine-tuning your server, just let our Linx admins know. All of our staff are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/level-3-support\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">level 3 support<\/a> Linux engineers, and so long as you get one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/linux-vps-hosting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Linux VPS hosting<\/a> plans, they&#8217;re at your disposal 24\/7.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Linux command line interface offers complete control over your Linux system. Although many Linux commands may seem scary or &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Linux Commands Cheat Sheet: Your Complete Reference\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-commands-cheat-sheet\/#more-49074\" aria-label=\"Read more about Linux Commands Cheat Sheet: Your Complete Reference\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":49402,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1236,2071],"tags":[2192,103,27,105,2193],"class_list":["post-49074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guides","category-linux","tag-cheat-sheet","tag-commands","tag-linux","tag-linux-commands","tag-reference","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.5 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Linux Commands Cheat Sheet: Your Complete Reference | RoseHosting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Get the complete Linux commands cheat sheet. 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